The public is cautiously supportive of expanding data sharing between government agencies but only if robust safeguards are in place, new research commissioned by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) has found.
The qualitative research, carried out by Ipsos UK between February and March 2025, formed part of the discovery phase for the government’s proposed National Data Library (NDL)National Data Library (NDL)
Using a combination of focus groups and in depth interviews, it sought to examine how the public understands government data sharing, the extent of confidence in existing practices, and the expectations that would need to be met for any expanded data-sharing arrangements to be considered acceptable. The scenarios presented during the research were explicitly hypothetical and did not reflect current government policy.
The research found that participants recognised that more effective data sharing could bring tangible benefits, particularly in terms of improving public services and reducing administrative burdens. However, these perceived benefits were frequently balanced by concerns about privacy, misuse of data and a lack of clarity about current data sharing arrangements within government.
Once participants were provided with further explanation about the concept of a data access facilitator, rather than a centralised data repository, attitudes became more positive. Many reported increased comfort with the idea, provided that strong safeguards, clear controls and transparent oversight were in place.
The research found that trust was a central issue. Participants often assumed that government already shares large volumes of personal data, despite acknowledging that they felt poorly informed about the legal framework governing such activity. This perceived lack of visibility contributed to scepticism amongst the research group, particularly among those with limited prior exposure to data protection regimes or digital systems.
Participants articulated consistent expectations for any future approach to data sharing. These included robust governance arrangements, strict controls over who could access data and for what purposes, and clear accountability for decision making. There was strong support for the principle that any such system should operate squarely in the public interest and comply fully with existing legal requirements, including data protection legislation.
Communication ws identfied as key. The research found that jargon free, accessible explanations would be essential to building public confidence, particularly given low awareness of how data is currently shared across government. Participants warned that excessive technical detail could have the opposite effect, risking disengagement rather than reassurance.
Participants indicated that public support would depend not only on broad societal gains but on understanding how individuals and communities would benefit in practical terms. Those in devolved administrations emphasised the importance of clarity about how benefits would extend beyond England.
The research identified specific groups requiring tailored engagement. Older people, those who are digitally excluded and school age children were highlighted as needing additional support to ensure understanding and inclusion. Digitally excluded participants, in particular, stressed the importance of offline communication through trusted channels, including physical locations and public service broadcasters.
Initial reactions to the term “National Data Library” were mixed. For some participants, the terminology suggested a centralised repository with open access, which heightened concerns around security and misuse. Although further explanation helped to clarify the intended role of the NDL as an access facilitator, misunderstandings persisted, underlining the importance of careful framing and consistent messaging.
There was a preference for data to be anonymised or aggregated wherever possible and for access to be limited to authorised, qualified users. There was also a strong desire for public involvement in shaping governance arrangements, including options to opt in or out of certain forms of data use.
The research suggested that while there is public recognition of the potential value of improved data sharing, acceptance is contingent on transparent communication, credible safeguards and meaningful public involvement.
A copy of the research can be found at https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69de53fab0b0b93055e04f97/national-data-library-report.pdf
